Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout[06] Affordable Housing 0 EDA Agenda Item [06] CITY OF ST.JOSEPH MEETING DATE: April 16, 2019 AGENDA ITEM: Affordable Housing Project SUBMITTED BY: EDA Director BACKGROUND INFORMATION: The EDA met jointly with the City Council on March 18,2019 to discuss a potential Affordable Housing project proposed by Sand Properties. The project would require assistance from the City in order to be competitive in the selection process. The assistance can be in the form of land,fees,tax increment financing, or tax abatement. Sand Properties has indicated that the contribution would need to be approximately$ 500,000. For a portion of the contribution the City could use the cost of the property. The proposed property is in the forfeiture list and could be purchased for$ 25,000; however the land is valued much higher,most likely in the$200,000+range. The City could use the difference between the value of the property and the selling price as a contribution. Using the numbers above the City would have a contribution of$200,000, leaving a gap of$300,000. In order to get a sense as to what the taxes might be,the Stearns County Assessor's Office has provided projected numbers based on the presentation provided by Sand Properties. See attached email. At this time the City is not approving a site plan,only if TIF and/or Tax Abatement would be an opportunity. The EDA would submit a recommendation to the City Council. BUDGET/FISCAL IMPACT: ATTACHMENTS: Request for Action Minutes—Joint City/EDA Meeting Email Correspondence—Stearns County Assessor Sand presentation from March REQUESTED BOARD ACTION: Forward recommendation to City Council Thispageintentionally leftblank March 19, 2019 Page 1 of 2 Pursuant to due call and notice thereof, the City Council for the City of St. Joseph met in joint session with the St. Joseph Economic Development Authority on Tuesday, March 19, 2019 at 6:00 PM at the St. Joseph Government Center. City Council Members Present: Mayor Rick Schultz. Councilors Anne Buckvold, Troy Goracke, Bob Loso, Brian Theisen, EDA Director/Administrator Judy Weyrens. EDA Members Present: Chair Rick Schultz. Board Members Doug Danielson, Troy Goracke, Dale Wick EDA Members Absent: Larry Hosch City Representatives Present: Community Development Director Therese Haffner Others Present: Megan Sand Carr, Nicole Sand, Neil Fortier, Stephanie Dickrell Affordable Housing Project, Sand Companies: Weyrens stated that city staff met with Sand Companies regarding their proposal for an affordable housing project located on Outlot C in the Liberty Pointe subdivision. The property is in tax forfeiture. Weyrens stated the property was zoned R-3 with the understanding that the property would be developed with an apartment complex. The Comprehensive Plan also guides this property for multiple family. Weyrens introduced Megan Sand Carr with Sand Companies. Carr introduced herself and provided background on Sand Companies and shared the project in St. Joseph would be a 48 unit apartment building with a mix of one, two, and three bedroom units. Carr highlighted the various amenities on-site. Carr explained the project was dependent on receiving a grant which requires a municipal contribution. Loso questioned height of building. Carr said it would be a three story building. Loso questioned if all of the units would be ADA compliant. Carr said all of the units would be Universal Design and some would be designated ADA units. Universal Design allows people to age in place and incorporates similar components of ADA design. Goracke questioned if the units would be for 55 years of age and older. Carr said there would be no age restrictions. Loso commented on people on fixed income and questioned how social security, IRA’s and so forth are calculated when reviewing eligibility. Carr said it is complicated and applications are reviewed on a case by case basis. Theisen questioned whether criminal background checks were completed on prospective tentants. Carr stated they are screened by a third party. Theisen questioned if one with a criminal background would be allowed to live at the apartment. Carr stated it depended on the criminal background findings. For example, it would need to be a conviction, crime against person and/or property. Carr commented that it is scrutinized heavily. Carr stated that Sand Companies would need to submit the grant application by June 3rd of this year provided the City would support the project through reduction if fees, tax increment financing (TIF), or tax abatement for the purpose of affordable housing where residents would need to income qualify. The grant is competitive and would require assistance from the City. Carr discussed Stearns County participating as well by selling the property to the City at a reduced rate. Neil Fortier, Executive Director for Stearns County Housing and Redevelopment Authority (HRA) spoke for the need for affordable housing in the area. Stearns County HRA could commit to up to five vouchers. Weyrens presented the options of TIF or Tax Abatement. Wick questioned if the City EDA would purchase the property. Weyrens said that would be an option. Wick questioned if there would be an on-site manager. Carr said that was not determined yet but it may be a part-time manager and they usually hire a part-time caretaker who lives on-site. th Schultz questioned the timing of constructing 20 Avenue SE. Weyrens discussed the extension of Dale thth Street East and 20 Avenue SE. There was further discussion on access and consensus was that 20 March 19, 2019 Page 2 of 2 Avenue SE should be extended with the project. Consensus was for Weyrens to get an estimate on the th cost of doing 20 Avenue SE now. Loso suggested putting together a spreadsheet with TIF and Tax Abatement showing how the project could work. Weyrens said she could put that together within the next day or two. Consensus was for staff to continue to work with Sand Companies and bring back options. Fortier commented that the need for affordable housing was substantial and said this was a great site for the project. Buckvold commented on the need in the community. Wick questioned whether college students would be able to live here. Carr said full-time college students do not qualify. Carr shared that public transit was a factor in the rating of the grant application. There was further discussion on public transit. Adjourn: Mayor Schultz adjourned the meeting at 7:04 PM Therese Haffner Community Development Director Judy Weyrens From: Rausch, Connor <Connor.Rausch@co.stearns.mn.us> Sent: Tuesday, April 9, 2019 3:42 PM To: Judy Weyrens Cc: Pidde,Jake;Johnson,Jeff Subject: St.Joseph TIF Work-Up .Judy, I have completed your request for an estimated market value and payable taxes for a new 48 unit low income apartment complex in St.Joseph City.This request is based on the following information sent to me. 48 low income units to be constructed. It will include a play area and fitness room. 1 bedrooms are 720 sf estimated rents are$602 to$735 2 bedrooms 1,100 sf estimated rents are$717 to$876 3 bedrooms 1,420 sf estimated rents are$822 to$905 There are garages but the number of units were not available and it was unknown whether or not the projected rents included a garage. The income approach was used to derive our values.The sales comparison approach was considered but there were a small number of qualified sales to base a value on.As for the cost approach,the limited amount of physical information available prohibits us from using this method of valuation at this time. Based upon mass appraisal techniques and applications,the total value range is$2,977,000 ($62,021/unit)to $3,500,900($72,935/unit).The tax estimate for payable 2019 based on the current class rate for 4d property at .75% ranges from$33,788 to$39,733.The Legislature is proposing a tax rate of.25%.At that rate the tax estimate is$12,753 to$15,016.Taxes as land only based on 48 units buildable at$8,900 per unit would be approximately$7,975. This analysis is prepared for TIF or tax abatement planning purposes only.The final valuation may differ due to changes or differences attributable to the interpretation of the details provided by the owner.The final taxes may differ due to differences in levies,tax rates, and classification rates that will come into play for taxes payable in the upcoming year. Thanks, Connor Rausch Senior Appraiser Stearns County Assessor's Office Phone-320-656-3685 Total Control Panel Login To: iwcyrens(Gd;cityok'stjoseph.com Message Score: 1 High(60): Pass From:connor.rausch@co.stearns.mn.us My Spam Blocking Level:Medium Medium(75):Pass Low(90): Pass Block this sender/Block this sender enterprise-wide Block co.stearns.mn.us/Block co.stearns.mn.us enterprise-wide This message was delivered because the content filter score did not exceed your filter level. 1 www.SandCompanies.com 46 East Fourth Street, Suite 200 366 South Tenth Avenue, PO Box 727 Saint Paul, Minnesota 55101-1137 Waite Park, Minnesota 56387-0727 651.289.0100 48 units -mix of 1, 2 and 3 bedroom units Amenities: Outdoor Playground Area Community Room Fitness Room Controlled Access On-site Management Elevator Storage Units Amenities: Decks In-unit washer/dryer Individually controlled heating and cooling systems Walk-in closets Kitchen islands (two and three bedroom units) Unit Mix 11 –1 Bedroom –720 approx. sf 21 –2 Bedroom –1,100 approx. sf 15 –3 Bedroom –1,420 approx. sf Income Restrictions 5units at 30% AMI 43 units at 60% AMI Contract Rent Range 1 Bedroom –$602 to $735 2 Bedroom –$717 to $876 3 Bedroom –$822 to $905 Development Architecture Construction Property Management Procurement & Design Building Maintenance 3,000+ developed units Community Sizes: 12 to 322 units 50+ properties Multifamily Market Rate Tax Credit/Affordable HUD Historic Senior Market Rate Tax Credit/Affordable HUD Cooperative Hotel Commercial Office Mixed Use Renovation/Rehabilitation Edison Roseville, MN 59 Units NEX Iowa City, IA 36 Units Cornerstone Village I & II Saint Michael, MN 91 Units Hoffman Place White Bear Lake, MN 60 Units Maple Village I & II Maple Grove, MN 102 Units West View Estates Plymouth, MN 67 Units Gateway Place Chanhassen, MN 48 Units rn � 0 N \ � � vf �--I N \ }, � C � X C �--I M V f9 41 lf1 Ql i- N N ~ E �O N M � � C — � `� � \ \ N o0 � O � +J � � C C p m O d •� v dQ t��4 bM4 v�i � p v�i � � � � +-+ � al `� � C O � 'C '+� O � � Q v v C O �9 �v N c N ^ ^ � � '� N m � O c6 � +�-' � � rp t6 � � � � fl- L N H U � C C N N Q �3 4J +�-' � W � a d3 tf� � C O v � C � � Q v T T � c � � N E C lO � W L UJ t0 N � H �' +J .� �i m � Q � � � C Q � � � � O V � C c � a � a rn � °1 }' '� ° �; � .� c a a � "� °��' � � � � c o, c c �O '� � a, � �- � � N N � � � O d y4 b4 � � � � i LI +� � G7 � � N � � a � 41 V x �� ¢ C 6 •� � O >, ~ O � N O i N � � y � C O � � Q p O � � � y� �, v O � � � u � L L � •� � O � � � N � � � � L � A � Q � 0 � � Q � � T � � O � � � L,6./ � \ � V1 �V � '� � �1 Z °- = 2 N �� a c c m w �, o _� •� � � � Z a � � a a Q � � .� � � � L � � �LL � +' � t- v 'x u � � r,�+ a�i U +� -a a a� " � � m � +; a C � � a� � � L o a v N L d � i � � � v p� `� p � � O � � � � � c`^a i c u o �+ � _ � � �o M a�, c L Q- Q �� .� a lJ C � � j � °o � ra �a io v � 3 co � � � O Y �i ? +� H O � C � � 'v� +J C �6 � � � � tv ul �6 �J C � � � N a.,, p � +-' � Z � C � C •y � v b4 b4 +�-� O ` •i � � � � 4J � a 0 Z d 7 � � L � � �--� � N a V LL � � 0 � O � c6 � �- �C � ,� Y -p p C v .0 N � "a v O � cp X x �6 Z � N �''j L � .Q � � � 1�1. L N � y�-. � V1 �-�-' � N � N • 4J � l�D pp Op � O � � �O w- `� � \° u ~ � \ \ � � U � N i � � (��0 V1 ca � 00 C C � O � t� Z O � � c C p cLa 7 � ca � � � � O H ,� � 'p � O C +� � � +� X .,q v � � � C E � � � � Q � � ra o `L° = �, ,�_^ ,� � ~ � � � � � � Q .Q � O O � N ._ � p � O .� � � m � � L � � � � Ol � v � Q L GJ 67 N N �N N� � c6 � L '+� � L � N v�i H � ~ � � � 41 �-+ +-' 7 c6 d -a � p� � y � C C � V 7 41 �D .0 � � � �. � O O O O co � � +' •C �^ �, -p "� N � i > M CY M � � � UJ Vj � � U1 N L' 4J r G 00 l0 00 lfl N v � C C �N N � � � O � F N f� N I� �C cv6 � .— 'v > O � � '� Q V b4 bN4 64 b�R � .� � � � � � � c0 � � 7 � '�+ � O O O O � � � � C `^ ca C� � � N C d L � O � O c�0 � � •� v u � � � � � O f� O I� X � Q �, .v� .� � ca rp O � p� O I� O t� ro � X �p > . '— Q V N O � � u'1 Ol u'1 O� ~ � tp � "p O � Oi � 'v� O M N M N � � � � � �- � O O co Q C O � kR l'R tf� iR L C -O +-' N N p �L C Q 7 41 = � a) � V � '�n � � �v Q u vi fl- � t� N � `� .> 4J N � �. �n rl $O�JI'l1a�s Q m V 0 +v-� V a H � •= a� � N V1 Q 1.� Q LL O Z �--I N M V Q- O v�i u"1 l0 � i� O� � � O aj N �, � 0 � � � � o ai eo � m o nr r� r� m m o � io rv � m m � v c� � � m in o 0 0 m V io rn m ,� �o o ti N m vi o r� ao m �n vi r� m c� r� r� io in �n n ni m oo ,� � �n � c� N �o m in rv m rn � � V � V � � N � d q LL O� CO t0 m O v1 O Vi o0 .--1 m Vi t0 l0 iD vi N Ol I� T O� vi O v1 Qi 01 ` � L ��p � N Vt c0 �--I R l0 Ql .--1 M l0 a0 O N '7 iD a0 � N M Vl I� a0 O N M V R a ; � .-� �--i �--� �--� N N N N M M M M M V V V V V V � � ✓� � � Q M n'1 t0 N M l0 V V Ql 1� 00 !vl l0 M 00 1� 01 �11 l0 �--� O M O N W N M I� r-I l0 �--1 l0 N 00 V �--I 00 � V N r-I � Ql Q1 01 O �--I M Vt I� O M I� � Ql N t0 O� m l0 O m 1� �--� '7 00 N �D O V 1� �--� �n O V o0 N lD �--i �n O �" �0 1L �--i fV fV (V M M V V V vi vi vi �Li tLi r� I� 1� 00 00 Qi Qi Q1 O O .-1 rl O d — � m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m �t V V V � Z �m > Q �r �` o vi rn m ,� �n ao o � r� vi r� o c� rn m ui co m n m rn rn ti �o � O O .-� 00 M O O .--1 in N N Vl �--i O V .--� N � 00 N � � V O� W � C � {,J m vl l0 � vl V N O� �n O �n O� N Vi I� 00 O� O� 00 1� l0 V .-1 00 V O O W M l0 Oi N Vl 00 .--1 M l0 Oi �--1 M lD 00 O N t0 00 O N R l0 1� 01 �-ti �"i y 7 r � �--� �-1 .-� N N N N m M m m V V � R V ✓� ✓� � � � ✓� � � � A LL a � � � oo � v rv � � o o ,� ni m v, n o � �o o rn v o � N m n �n � V a0 N l0 O V 00 N lD O V a0 N 1� tft O � � M o0 N I� .--� tD �--� �,J C � vl V1 t0 t0 1� I� I� 00 00 Ol O� Ql O O .� �--1 N N N M M '7 V' v1 vl l0 �/1 o E o rri rri rri m rvS rri rri rvi m m rri rri V a v V <f V V a a � V V V v o 'r 'O V '1 � a � 01 1� �--I 00 V V M L/1 M 01 I� lD 00 N Ql f� Vl �--1 N Vl 1� V �--I M V1 '-i l0 �O � Ql Vl 00 M �--1 Vt I� O V1 t0 V �--I O �-1 W N V1 00 M N 1� Q� 01 Ot .--1 Vt Vl q d Ol O �--I � 00 M O O r--I ul N N Vt �--� O Q .-1 N 00 00 N �--1 Vt V Ql 00 � � � vi (V Vi t0 �O vi V fV Oi vi O Vi Qi cV vi �� 00 Oi 01 00 1� t0 .--i o0 V O O L '� � M l0 Ot N �n 00 .--I rvl l0 Ol �--1 M lD 00 O N t0 00 O N � l0 I� Q1 �--I �--I � �--� �--� �--� N N N N M M M M V V � � V Vl Vt �./1 V1 V1 V1 l0 � N Q V p a rn C y C p� .-1 c0 O �n V I� v� O Ol N Ol �--� l0 �n O a0 N o0 01 l0 I� N N 1� l0 � 'y� a � C o0 �n V N rl O � O �--� N m V 1� 01 N l0 T o0 m Ol Vl N O� t0 V � V o0 N lD O � 00 N l0 O V o0 N l0 ti in O� � W m I� N I� �--� tD �--� p !� q E C vi vi i0 �O I� I� 1� 00 00 Oi Oi Oi O O fi �--i �--i fV tV rci t+i V �ri vi lC � T = •� F ` � m m m m m m m m m m m m v v v v V v v v V � v v v v o � o a � LL o � o w � t �p O O � � O r--� N � Vl I� 00 Ql .--1 N ✓� I� Q� O N M Vl I� 00 O N M Vl I� V w �' j Z V N 10 W '� .�_. .�.. .�_. .�... v .'�... � � �-�-1 �-�-I � �-�-1 �-�-I � �--I .�.. .~... .�... .'""�.. .�.. � �-�-I �-1 '-1 �--1 00 '\-I i a N V C � � LL � ~ ,�—, Q N • v ° o � � C E � � +' O� e0 rl 1� oo r4 rl m O� o � m l0 m R O O V m �O V I� �f �n N m �O Y j •a �+ G �N � y C C O 00 1� vi V R V' V V �D I� 01 N V r �--i �n O� �{ O� �n �--i o0 �n M r1 �n � � {/� 7 V d . l0 Ol M I� r-1 Vl Ol M I� �--I Vl O� V 00 N 1� �--I VI O V Ql V 00 M 00 M V � y �r C � w 7 � E C LL Vi vi �O �O I� t� I� 00 00 01 Qi 01 O O � '-1 cV N m n'i M �ri Vi lD � � 'p y p •V 2 X a F„ ` � E m m m m m m m m m m m m � � � � � V V V V � � C V V o c w/ o � � � a eo v c r; m w r � = 9 " = `` O " z � LL � o 0 0 0 � O O O O O O O O O O � � � Y u �Y O � O O O O O O � � O O O O � O O O O O O � II y,� � V Ct '� V � V V V V V V C V V V V V �}' V V � V [� V V V 4.(1 � � d C � M M M M M M M M M M M M M rv1 M M M M m m M M M M M M J p0 � ^ . •� 10 V V V V V V a � � � V � � V � � � � � � � v E 'o+ oc � c v v v � � � � � � � v v a v P: d ` a ' K � ,� ,� ,� � ,� ,--i ,� ,-i ,� .� ,� ,-i ,-. .- ,� ,� ,� � ,� ,� ,� .-� ,� ,� ,-i O �`+ c � p` � � m - v � �- o °' o °' > ;� O N e0 �n �O O� vi vi O I� h O i0 � i0 �--i O� O V �--i N �n N N ✓� � v � I� M O1 lD m O o0 � � m � O O O� G' O1 O O N m �n I� Ol N �n o0 F d � l0 Ol .--1 V I� O N �n o0 .--1 V I� O N �r o0 N v� 00 �--I V I� O V I� O �--� 1] O �^ �n Y x �V V V vi vi Vi �O �O lLi lD I� I� I� 00 00 00 00 Ql Q1 Oi O O O �--i '-i .--1 lV II �0 O C N a F a N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M n'1 M M M M M C d � E 01 � �0 � N >. C V V �- x "" a E y � n n n r� r� n n � n � n r� � � n � n r� � � n n n � � N H u m � � � W N W W W W 00 CQ W O� W W 00 W W N N O� CQ N 00 W W 00 00 00 � 7 � L!t ll1 Vl Vl l.11 lI'1 LIl V1 lfl l.lt lf1 L!1 ll1 Ll1 lf`, lf1 Vl Vl Vl L/1 1./1 lfl Vl Vl L!1 lll O � C N m � �y rl rl �-1 rl � � � � � .~..� �~.. .~_. .~_. ~ � ..~.. � .�.. � .~... v .�i � � � N O F C \ � N F a .� .� .... .� _ .... r � O � (0 ,C C � � V � � o � � m 1� Ql vl N h'1 l0 N �--I N I� V V I� M .--� M 00 lD 1� �--I 00 01 N Ql Ol N � OJ � v�i p 7 Vt �--I 00 v1 N Ql I� vl M �--I O Ol 00 00 cc 00 00 Ol O N M v1 00 O M 1� � N ul 1� O M �n 00 �--1 V I� O N vl 00 .-+ C 1� O V I� O M l0 O M l0 � � ?.+� � � L X V t0 l0 tfJ I� I� 1� I� 00 e0 00 Oi Oi Oj Oj G O O �--i r-1 .-i (V (V (V m m rvi C ,� •v N F a N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M m m M M M M M M � a+ �p � � a � n V � ai � � � p � m x � y o rn oo ,� � ti �o rn m m ni m ni ,--i V �o ti � m rn m ti �o N V �O � ~ � '`�' fO �O � W a+ b O O l0 [O v� 00 I� M I� 00 1� 7 O v1 m m e0 M Q1 l0 �O c0 N O �--� t0 �y N > N 7 W N �ti Ql Ql N Ol O V N V 01 00 �--I 00 01 M � V O �--1 Vt V 1� V l0 N N lD � �V� N .— v � 10 � 7 O vi �--I l0 M Oi lD M O 00 1� Vi V V vi l0 I� Qi �--1 V 1� �--i Vi Oi N j (0 J �` V "6 � O M I� O ct 1� �--I v� Ol N tD O � � N � O V DO N I� �--i �/1 O V �O � � > G V1 Vl V1 l0 l0 l0 I� I� I� 00 00 01 01 Ot O O �--I �--1 '-1 N N M M V V V V � c0 2 �V � ✓ � � � rci rri rri rri rci rri rri lri rri rci rri m rri ni v V V v a V V v v v v V �c V v a a� �a t � ro X 'a � v N � E ~ � x � V y � � �--� N M � V1 lp I� Op pl O �--� N M � Vl l0 I� 00 01 O �--� N M Vl l0 O � � C � � �( q N N N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M C � ~ N . A >, d o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 � � � � � � � �p_ � .a� �� N > F aq Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N C � v � v � ' H � W m d H y�j �--� N m � �n l0 V LL •L R O �--I N M V Vl l0 I� 00 01 O .-1 N M V Vl l0 Q '�'� = Y �--1 N M � V1 l0 I� 00 Ql .-i �-I .-i �--I �--I r-I r-I �--I rl r-1 N N N N N N N T � Y rn c ? 0 x � � � a, 0 � � � 0 � � � a .� W � V m m v � .-i m m ao r� m �o m vi �n io 0 o co �n v v o0 C � Y � N l0 N 00 00 N M N �--i N l0 lD N lD � �/1 N M Q� N N O Ol Ql �--� l0 � 01 N I� l0 Q1 Vl V1 Ql 1� Ql tD 00 V lD N V �--I M N l0 l0 �--I M N l0 I� I� N � 7� R LL �{ Qi fV �/i I� Oi O O O Oi e0 lD V �--� 00 V O Vi O V W [V Vi o0 O cV (V ` � Z ��0 � N V I� Ql �--I M l0 00 O �--1 m llt 1� Ql O N V Vl I� a0 Ot �--1 N M Vl l0 l0 a ; � .--� �--� �--� �--1 N N N N N N M M M M M M M � � � 'Q V V Q � l0 lD I� N O �--1 Vl r-i N v1 O 01 N 00 I� Ol V M l0 �--I �--I M Ol Ol M O n � M N N N N N rvl � v� h 00 �--i M l0 01 M 1� �--� l0 �--� l0 �--� 1� V �--� � � W .-� V I� O M tD Ol N Vt o0 .--� �./1 00 ti V QO �--� � QO N Vl Ql N l0 O � d 10 LL �O I� 1� I� �0 00 CO 00 Q1 01 O� O O O � �--� �--� N N N n'1 M M � � Vi 01 Z , '�+ N N N N N N N N N N N r+1 f+1 m �+'1 M M M M M n'1 M M M m m � A � Q V m oo � m m � �+ m � oo � �o 0 o r� m ao �o in o o io � v oo m �+ '�' I� �O oo m o o m o o � m m o �n V O� oo m m O� O l0 rn I� N �-'i � � V I� V O l0 r-1 vi 00 �--I M � in ul V V N O I� V .--I 1� N a0 N lD O V V ydj d (V �/i o0 O �'i vi I� O (V V i0 a0 O (V cr �O 1� Oi .�-� lV �/i I� 00 O � �--� y 3 r � .� � � ti N N N N N M m m h'1 M M � � � � V V �11 �/1 V1 � a LL a � � �. m v, r� o m r� r+ �n rn v m v o � m o r� v+ m � o rn rn rn rn o rn 00 �--I V 00 e-1 V o0 .--I V 00 �--I Vt Ol N �D O M I� �--I vl Q� N l0 O V Ql I� V C N Qt O O O .-1 rl �-i N N N rc1 m m V V V1 ul V1 lD lD l0 1� I� 00 00 00 00 � � O N M M M M M M M M M nl M M M r+1 rvl M M M M M M M M M M � LL a v � � y �--I M I� V 1� V I� V lD 00 �--1 01 N M N 00 V V1 L!1 00 u'1 O �A N tYl M 3 V Q1 I� �--I N m vl �--I N O o0 ✓1 l0 � O I� N o0 l/1 ✓1 Ol Ol �O O V CO � �o a n �o 0o m o o m o o v � m m o �n v rn w m m oo rn � m r� .� � � � �^ 1� V O iD �--i vi o0 .--1 m vi Vi y V rV O I� V �--i I� cV I� lV t0 O V V C •� LL N ul 00 O n'1 lll I� O N � lD 00 O N V �D I� Ol �--I N V V C V � Vl lfl ] � � �--� �--� �--� N N N N N M M M M M rvl � � � N a L p a o+ C y C p� rn .-1 vi m v � �n �p ,� oo m m o m ,� co co rv ,� rv oo � c� m � N ✓1 1� O M l0 O � Q� M 00 � O � M Ot 1� V N .--i O Ol 00 W Q1 01 00 •� d WC L o0 .--i V oD �--I V 00 '-1 V o0 ti �n O� N �D Ql M I� �--� V1 Q1 N lD O V o0 I� Q � � C C 01 O O O �--i r-I �--i (V N N rvl M M V V V Vi Vl l0 lD l0 h h 00 00 00 00 T = •� F ` � N M m M M M M m m m m m M M m M m m n'1 M M m M m M n'1 � � N O a nCy LL LL O N � L � p N 00 Ql O �--1 N V Vl lD 1� Q1 O .--1 N V Vt l0 00 Q1 ri N M Vl lD 00 01 �-1 �--� N O 0 �6 N d O O �--� � .� �--I �--I �--I .--I .--1 N N N N N N N N �'1 M M M M M M V � '-' �- L Z lJ � 1�6 N 'ti .'ti_. .'~_. � � .�... .�... � � � � � � � '� �. � � � � .'�... � � .'~_. .'~.. �--I N r-I < a N V C J V1 LL v � 'ti 4 m C O O � •N C L O m ' 1� O Vt V l0 �--I O N 00 I� Ql Vl V1 00 �n Vt 01 1� Ol V I� V V1 �--I O n y�., •� �N y � C � ry� �p pp .y � pp N l0 O ✓1 O t0 N a0 �n N Q� I� ✓1 M N N N M � FF��11 � C y� � 7 V � d C Qt N �/1 Ol N Vt Ol N l0 Ot M l0 O M I� �--i V 00 N � O V 00 N l0 � O� � �16 y V. C � w 7 A E C LL Oi O O O �--i r-i r-1 cV N N m n'i V V V vi Vi Vi l0 l0 I� I� I� oJ 00 Oi � "O E" p y p '� S X a F � � � r� m m m m m m m m m m m m m M m m m m m m m m m m m m� � p � �, io t0 tr C � � V c � V .C. LL ^ � � z LL � O O O � � O O O O O O O O O O � C Y N o o � � o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0� o 0 0 o O o 0 0 0 � � 11 �, o � C y � « M M M M M M m m m m M n�'1 M M m M M M M rc�1 M n�'1 m m M M J pp y ^ �v E ° o+ o�0c � � � � � � � `� � � � � � � a � � � � � � � � � � � ~ o a; o a ` a • x ,� ,-. ,� ,� ,� ,� � � � .-� � .-� � .� ,� ,� �-+ .-i ,� ,� .1 .-� .� .� ,� p rv c � � p` � � m - v � H a °' o °' � �--I Qt 1� 1� Ot V .-� O N lD M N V oC Vl V lD O I� I� O� N M 1� � v N V � V � 00 �--I I� r-1 V1 Ol M I� N I� N I� M O� Vl N 00 Vl N � 00 l0 � V1 � � � I� Ol r-1 � � 00 �--1 M l.fl 00 O M V1 00 O M Vl 00 r-1 M l0 Q1 N V I� � '-1 � O 7 x �V O O �--i �--i �--i �--� N (V N N t'r1 M M M V V V V �/1 �/1 �n Vi l0 t0 l0 I� II � O C � a � a N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N � � � � � � �0 � v� ry >. G V V a x � a � d O 1� I� 1� 1� 1� I� 1� 1� I� I� 1� I� I� I� I� I� I� I� 1� I� I� I� I� I� 1� I� � H II �O V�1 fN0 � 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00 00 00 00 � J LA l.l1 V1 LA lll t.I1 L!1 lll lll Vl lll tll L!1 L!1 tf`, L/1 Vl L!1 ul Vl Lll l.Il l.l1 l.l1 L/) Lll O � C f0 m 10 V � � � .�.. � .~... v �~... v ..~.- � .'�... .�... v � � � .�.i .~_. .�.. � v v .�..� � .~_. � O � N , N F- � � � � N � C a � '� V � 1] O 0 d �1 .--i � a0 r-i lD R V l0 �--I 00 I� Ol M O Ql �--I in N .--1 M I� V l0 r--1 01 O R @ yl .N � 0 7 N �/1 1� O m l0 O M 1� .-1 1D r-I v1 .--� �D N o0 O I� � �"� � � � m � M Vt I� O N V 1� Ol �--I V lD Ol r-1 V l0 Ol � � I� 01 N Vt I� O M l0 � � � � 'p � X V N N N M f�'1 rc1 M M V V V V V1 Vl tfl Vi l0 l0 lD l0 1� 1� f� 00 00 00 � E ' N L F a N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N C .N V � � � m 'II a � � V � N l�i � -p p 3 � � Y � a-�+ � O O o0 t0 00 1� �n 1� rl O �n o0 �n v1 I� V �--� O l0 .-1 Ol V O O � � � � � y « �D O I� M O I� V1 � � � O l0 V ✓1 � 00 O t0 I� M R O M .--i I� O O LL � � � N u � W N � O 1� 00 N o0 00 �--I I� l0 01 V M �n �--I Ol N 1� t0 Ol vt vt 00 V1 V1 O o0 � �v N .- � a Y 7 I� lD lL1 I� I� 00 O �--I M Vi 00 .--i V 00 rl lD O lli O lD (V 00 Vi N O f� N j N y �+ u "O S I� O M l0 Ol N t0 01 N V1 00 N �/1 00 N Vl Ot N l0 O� M l0 O V 00 � q p_ � a C� � � Ol O O O O �--� �--i �--� N N N M M M � � R llt �/1 �/1 �D l0 I� 1� 1� W V � tp d v '%� � L ` (V n'1 M M M M M M M M M �'1 M M h'1 M M M M M M M M M M M y V v n y � V �Q X �p 7 � '�' �O F O V io � � C E C x > � N � �-1 N M V Vl lD 1� 00 Ol O �--1 N M V v1 lD I� 00 O� O �--1 N M � Vl l0 O � (O �O _ �( Ip d N N N N N N N N N M M M M M m M M M M � V V V � � Y m C O � � ; ep T O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o a x .oi �� � F a � N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N E � v � � ' H � w C� d H �+ y�j �--1 N M V V1 l0 ` N LL � A O r1 N M d' V1 tD 1� 00 O� O r-I N M � V1 l0 Q FN y �--I N M V Vt lD 1� 00 Ql r--1 �--1 '-1 �--1 r-1 �--I �--I rl �--I �--I N N N N N N N T � Y rn c j 0 2 ti � K v 0 in � � 0 N � M Y w y N O �' N Cr 01 l0 V Ol N 00 I� V' 00 �O M h M Ol O O V V O CY �O I� Ol N l0 V V Ql Ql V lD Vl .--I l0 Ol M n'1 � d d G/ � LL ON M Vl l0 tD I� I� I� l0 tD O M N O 00 l0 M .--I 00 V1 l!1 O y � Z • /� .-1 N M V vl l0 I� 00 Ql O �--I fV M V V ul lD I� 1� 00 00 �' L a ; r �--I r-1 �i �--I � �--I �--I �--I �--I ri ri �--1 a � Q W 1� l0 l0 00 N l0 M O O �--� M I� N Ql I� 1� O� N 1� 00 o V 00 N l0 O Vl 61 V Ql V' Ol V 6l Vl O lD N 00 Vl .--I Ol � C Q1 O N m V1 l0 I� 6l O N M �'� �O 00 O �--i M V l0 00 I� tp C � N ni m r+i r+i m m n-i V V V V V V vi ui vi �rS �i vi �o p � � ,� .� ,-� .--� � ,� � ,� .-� .� .� � ,� � ,-i ,� .� .� � .-i eo � O O N a v a r-I O lD N I� V O o0 �O V .--I �n Vl .--� Ol 00 vl 00 V O O �+ � � O O O m 00 00 M M .-� I� N �O �--� W 1D 00 V V O N N � C 0 V ,--i o0 �--I O �n I� lD .--1 m �--1 I� Ql 6l Vl 01 O Ol Vl Ol O O O N W � N V 1� �--i � l0 00 O N M � V V V V M rv1 .--I O 00 1� I� p � 7 �, �--I N V �n tD I� Ol O .--1 N m C vl �O I� 00 Q1 O O .-i .--1 � a ; LL .--1 .--1 .--I �--1 .-� .-� .--1 �--I �--� r-1 N N N N � V I� N 00 l0 l0 I� O V �--1 Q� Ol .--1 Vl .--I o0 h 00 .--1 O� ao O l0 N 00 u'1 .--I 00 �n N O 1� V1 N O Q1 1� 1D V M N N M 00 � •--I M V l0 00 Ol .--1 M Vl tD 00 O N M Vl I� 01 .--1 M Vl 00 M O lll ll'i lJ'1 1./1 171 Vl l0 l� lD l� l0 1� I� r 1� I� I� W W W l.l1 � a �--I �--1 �--1 �--I �--I �--1 �--1 �--1 �--I �i e-i ri �--1 �--I .-i r-I �--I �--I �--I �--1 M M � � U d y m o o m .� m r cv � �n rn � o rn V � N N m .� .� 3 V V �--I I� Vl l0 N lD 00 �--1 l0 lD � N M l0 .--1 O L!1 V1 �p � �--i � N .-� V O O M O N I� I� fV .1 in � 00 W M m M � > � � N ✓1 � O N V i0 00 � �M � � W O N M � I� 00 O O QC •� LL �--I �--I �--1 �--1 �--1 fV N N N N M M M M m m � � v � Q � L � a •' �--I .--I M o0 �O o0 N O O '7 N N �O M � 00 �n �D O e0 1� d C � �--� .--� .-I r-I N m Vl 1� 01 �--� V 1� O V o0 N I� N 00 M M d C �--� V h O M l0 Ol N � Ol N � Q� N i/1 Ql N l0 Ol M l0 !4 � � C o0 W a0 Ol Ol Ol Ol O O O �--� .-+ � N N N M M M � fV •a F ` a N N N N N N N M M M M m M M M M M M M M � p � V C LL a "" LL O � N r 47 O Z �. ~ �+ J � LL � LL u N � � `n ,� p o � � � p � .` � d C � �.r ,-�1 .--� m o0 �D 00 N o o V N [V tO m V o0 vi �D o oD I� m yj � �N L � L' � �--I �--1 �--I .--1 N M lf'f I� O� �--1 V h O V 00 N 1� N 00 rvl M ��., FrIC � {/� � 7 V � d � �""� V I� O M l0 Ql N ul O� N in Ql N V1 Ql N l0 01 M iD fp w Y O a S � a,3+ 10 � C LL�+ 00 00 00 O� Q1 Q1 Q� O O O .--I .--1 r-I N N N n"i rvl M V fV � r. �( X p� F t fp v N N N N N N fV M M m m m M M M n'1 M M M M � -� � N 1p 1p V C � � � � � ,� `° O � z d o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o a � .. ti � � � � � � � � � � o o � � � o � � � o u `� o � u, �, u, �, u, �, �, �, �, u, u, v, �, �, �, �, u, �, �, u, d � „ o, a, a, rn rn rn rn o, rn rn a, rn rn o, rn rn rn o, rn rn Q � � ^ ' m rvi m rri m m m M M m m rri m m rri m m M M m m � �01 OC � ,--i � .--i .-i .�-� .� .-� .--i .--i .--i � � � .--� .--� .--i .-i � .-a F� � � o a O � .� ,� ,� .� .� ,� � ,� ,-i ,� .� ,� .� � .� .� .-� .� .� .� O N c -o H � ~ m o N o } � � O N o0 Vl tD Ol ul V vi O t� 1� O i0 R �O �--i Ol O V O I� m Ol �O M O o0 i0 V M .-i O O Q� 01 Ol O O N M p OJ d � t0 Q� �--I V I� O fV �n o0 �--I V t� O N Vi o0 N �n 00 .--I .--I � O '^ v�i 7 a �V V V Vi ✓i vi �O t0 t0 tfl 1� i� 1� 00 00 00 00 Qi Ol 01 O m O � � +" � 16 f V N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r+l I I T �D � � u U o a ry E ai T � fl- X � d � y R I� I� I� 1� I� I� I� I� I� I� i� h t� I� I� 1� 1� I� I� 1� � �o II N v=i y� � 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7 � 1 7 i^ �y x Vl L(1 Vl tft L!1 vl L/1 lfl lf1 Vl tfl Vl Vl vl ul Vl L/1 lfl ul lll N � C � � °° N �� � � � � � C � C � C � '�' � C � � � C � � � O \° G � � N � a � L � o � �o . �o ,� c a+ a � � Q � � � -' u o � o o a, o, � N C � I� Ol l!1 N M l0 N �--I N I� CY V' 1� M .--I M 00 lD I� .--i � � y� v C �v� u'1 .--� W V1 N Ol I� � M '-I O Q� 00 W W W W O� O N io �^ O � N ln I� O M �n o0 �--� V 1� O N �n o0 .-� V 1� O V I� 7 � � � � L l0 �O t0 I� I� I� I� 00 00 00 01 01 Ol Ol O O O .-1 .--1 .--I C � a N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M M M � •- U � in pp � a a, � c u > v � �° � � 0 � ;a x � °J -o 3 F- � Y ro � ai e O Ol 00 .-i .--� .--I l0 Ql M M N M N �--I V lD .--� �--� M Q1 O O i0 00 V1 00 I� M I� 00 1� V O �n 6� M o0 m O� l0 � N �, V 7 �n d y y .y O� O� N Ol O V N V O� 00 �--I 00 O� M .-1 � O .--I �n V LL 7 . v ,N U � 'a Y 3 O vi r-i lD rri Oi i0 rri O o0 I� vi V V V vi iD I� Oi L ip � �a � �a > � � v`"i v�i � � � � � °�' o`�o oiOo rn � rn o o � � °�° rv v ' � p_ �� � v F � v ri n�i ni rri rri m rri m rvi m m m m m V V V V V V L y U � �° v � O x � � W '^ � � � x > V 0�! d � .--1 N m V u'i �O 1� 00 O� O .-i N m V ul �D h o0 Ol O � N N C t6 ti �( fp � N N N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M m m � Y � C O H � . FT Y O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Q X ,Ol u N � � a N N N N N N N fV fV N N N N N N N N N N N � � � � � ' H � w 00 d H � C y N r-I N r+1 V Vl l0 V '�" N Q! r1 N M V Vl iD h 00 Ol � •--I N M V � l0 1� 00 01 O Q � � .-+ .--� � � .--i r-+ � � � .-+ N T 2 'p' u+ r� Y � LL � N O u > � �, 0 N � �--I � � � y � O l0 Q1 00 Ol .--1 O M l0 1� � l!1 l!1 l0 n'1 V N M N N N i0 .1 01 .--I I� Q1 l0 Ol Ol I� C Q� V Ol Vl (V �--I N iD tD � C � � w �--I Ql Vl 1� 00 vl O M M r-1 I� �-I N N Ol Vl Ol �--I �-/ Ol Ql 0 ydj d G�1 a LL O 61 Qi 00 I� lD Vi M �--i Qi l0 � .-i 00 V .--! I� O Vl �n O y � Z • rl .--I fV M V Vl l0 I� 00 00 01 O .--I .--I N M M � ul Vl l!1 a' L �p ; � �-I �--I �-1 �--1 �--1 �--1 �--I �--I �--I r--1 a � Q l0 M N .--I N � f� N I� �' N N M � 00 m Q� l0 ul i11 �O � 00 O N V �O 00 O M vi 00 .--I � 1� O m I� O V 00 N W C 00 O �--I N M � lD 1� 00 Ql �--� N M l!1 l0 1� O� O �--I M M O C O O �--� �--i .--� .-i .-� � � � �--i N N N N N N N M M nl .--I 7 t+ rl rl rl .-I .-I rl .-I .--1 rl rl rl .1 .-1 .-I rl e-1 rl rl rl rl V N v u° a° �, �o m m m � V .� V o 00 �n rn �o � rn o0 0o V m .-i .� ... `� �n � � m rn �n N o � rv � c� io V o �n rn m m �° C � V oo m vi V Ol ry rv Ol m � m rn m V m o �n I� 1� �D �O p d W r-i m V ui ui �O l0 vi ui V m �--i O o0 �O V .--i o0 ui nl N O � 7 Y � �--1 N M V V7 l0 I� 00 Ol O .--I N M M V Lll l0 l0 I� 00 00 aa ; LL ri ri r1 ri ri ri r-I .--1 .--I ri r-I .-I � � 00 l.l1 M V ul W N I� ln V' V � 00 M Ol lD tD I� Ql � .-i O � 00 N t0 O Q� M a0 m 00 M o0 V Q� u1 .--i I� m O �D 00 t' I� 00 O �--I M � tfl h 00 O ri M V l0 1� Ol �--1 N V lD l0 ry� N fV M M M M M M M � � V V V V V � � � ✓� N c, d° .� .-� ,� ,� ,� .� ,� ,� ,� ,� � ,-� .� .� r, ,� .� .� ,� r, o0 N M � � V d y O M 00 N N m N M N N O .--i 00 V .--� .--� �O �D M m 3 00 M 1� M �--I M �--I tD O O Ol N O l0 O M lD .-� 01 Ql �p jp � Ol M O N 00 00 M N 1� �--i O tD 1� M lD V 00 Q1 �/1 ✓1 T , a �^ N V l�D 0�0 O N � V�i lD � O �D � l�l1 1� 00 O� �-ry-1 N 00 00 p � •; � .-1 .-I .-1 rl .-1 �-1 N N N N N N fV M M m m � N a L 0 a •' V 00 V1 V1 I� N Ql Ol N 00 l0 I� r-I 1� I� Ql Vl m V 01 I� d C � M o0 � O l0 m Ol lD V �--� 01 h- �O � M N N N N N V ,p G7 C l0 00 �--I V l0 O� .--I V t� O N �'1 00 .--1 V h O m lD Q1 O R � � C M M V V V V Vi lf1 V1 lD l0 l:J l0 h 1� I� 00 00 00 00 � 3 •a � ` a N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N IN T > U C c p Q y � LL LL a`�i S �N � a " u °' `° °' o = J +' LL \ d 0 y y C V1 •--I O O � � C £ a+ V 00 ul ul I� N Ql 6l N 00 �O I� r-I 1� 1� Q1 V1 M V Ol h O - v�i �� � +' �y� ` 9 L � m 00 V O t0 �'1 Ol lD V � Ql 1� �D V m N N N N N V +.�, �d � C y� � 7 V V 01 C l0 00 �--I V t0 Ol � V I� O N u'� 00 .-� V 1� O M tD O� O fp Q V O Q = � Y � � C LL M M V V V V lf1 lfl lIl lD lD l0 l0 1� I� 1� 00 00 00 OO V � � N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N -� �/ N x X C. � � A ✓� �(y O � u � � � � � � � sLL �; O � a � � � o 0 0 � o 0 0 � � � o � � o o � � � z C .. N o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o u � � v vl vl V1 V1 V1 V1 ln u'f Vl V1 v1 Ln ul V1 v1 Ln Vl V1 V1 Ln o � N C r O� Ol 01 Ol Ol Ol Ql Ql Q1 O? O� O� Q1 01 6l Ql Ol Ol Ol O? J y� � �� �0 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M a W d � i �01 OC .--i ti ti .-i .-i .-� .-� ti ,-i � .--i .-� .-� .�-� � .--i �--i ti .--i .--i H .-, � O a a O � .� ,� ,--i .-i .--i � ,� ,� .� � .-a .--i .� ,� .� .� ,� ,� .-i ,--i O � c -o � - v � � � v � > o� �o � V Q� 1� I� 01 V �--� O N l0 m N V o0 �n t7 �O O I� O V lD 00 .--I V I� .--I Vl 61 M I� N I� N I� rvl Ql ul N 00 O N d � I� O� �--I V �D 00 .--i M Vl 00 O M ul e0 O M vi 00 .--I M �--I � O �^ v�i 7 a �V O O �--I .--I r-I r-I N N f V N M m M n"i V V V V ✓� � N O � A +' � 1p N fV N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N II T lD � � a a � a � � oi 0 V u a X � a E y e r� � � F � � r� � � � � � r� r� � � � � � � E � u m � y� 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OJ 00 00 OC 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7 F � 7 � � x � Vl Vl lfl lfl lfl lf1 t+'1 L/1 lll lfl �f1 i!`. ll1 Ifl Vl l71 Vl lfl u'1 Vl N C C � �p m 'o �a '� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � m � o° � c ,.`^., � . ,�n ~ p. L v � (o . c a, R � �, o � E � � V o � o o a o� � � � � � c � oo .� � V V �o ,� oo � rn m o rn .� vi c� � m t� V v ,,, ai c '�n �V � I� O M l0 O M I� .-i l0 � �/1 .--i iD N 00 V O h i6 � O 0 M Vl I� O N V 1� 6l r1 V l0 Q� .--1 V l0 Ol �--I V I� 01 7 �0 Y � � x �V N N N M rvl M M M �t � V V ✓� �.r1 V1 u'i l0 iD i0 �O C E ' N L F a N N N N N N N N N N N N lV N N N N N N N @ �� Q � � � 10 v > Q1 a; `�° � a o � ,� x � °' -a � o 0 00 �o 00 � �r, � c .� o u, oo a v, v, r� v -+ o 3 � � :° �o � v a+ .. o r� m o n v, v v �o o �o v v, o 00 0 �o � m <r LL a, �. -a � � � � y y .i O I� 00 N 00 00 �--I I� lD Ol V M l!1 .--I Ol N 1� l0 Ol Vl � v ,vi V � Y 7 I� l0 l0 1� 1� 00 O �--1 ni Vi 00 �--i V 00 .--1 l0 O Vi O l0 L �p @ � Y N � � � I� O M l0 01 N lD Ol N V1 00 N in 00 N u'1 O� N l0 Oi � > � � � � � � rn o 0 0 0 � .-i .--� N N N m m m V V V vi �n in V � v � 'm �n � � � � �P n'i ni rri ni ri rri m m n�i ri rri m m rri m m rvi rvi ri ` Y � a � � x m > > y � � ~ O X � V y d � �--� N M '7 �n �O 1� 00 01 O ti N m V � l0 1� 00 01 O C C �( 10 a N N N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M � � � .0 � ~ � �N 1p a } O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O � � �1 � � � � F � � � w 0� d H �r N .-I N rvl � �/1 l0 � V L N LL •� � O �--I N M � u'1 l0 I� W Ol O Q 7 '�" = � .--I N M V Vl lD I� 00 O� .--I �--1 �-i .-1 r-I r-I � .--1 .--1 �--1 N .� 2 � Y � � LL � N O N